10ÔÂ21ÈÕ£¬Î°Òײ©¡°Î°Òײ©Í·ÄÔÁ¦¡±Ð½ðÈÚÑо¿ÏµÁб¨¸æµÄµÚʮһ·Ý±¨¸æÕýʽ¶ÔÍâÐû²¼£¬¾Û½¹¡¶Öйú¹«Ä¼REITsÊÔµãµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÎÊÌâÑо¿¡·¡£
ÕªÒª£º±¾ÎÄÍŽáÈ«ÇòREITsµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛÓëʵ¼ù£¬¶ÔÎÒ¹ú¡¶¹ûÕæÕÙļ»ù´¡Éèʩ֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ðÖ¸Òý£¨ÊÔÐУ©¡·ÖеĸܸËÂÊÏÞÖÆÎÊÌâ¼ÓÒÔÆÊÎöºÍÌÖÂÛ¡£´ÓÈ«Çòʵ¼ù¿´£¬¸÷¹úREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÕþ²ßÏÞÖÆÓë½ðÈÚÊг¡Éú³¤¡¢ÖÎÀíģʽµÈÒòËØÏà¹ØÁª¡£¶ÌÆÚÀ´¿´£¬ÔÚ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÊÔµãÀú³ÌÖУ¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȵÄÉ趨ÐèҪ˼Á¿Êг¡½¨Éè³õÆÚͶ×ÊÕß²»¿ÉÊì¡¢REITsÔËÓªºÍÀ©ÕÅÖб£´æÆ·µÂΣº¦ÒÔ¼°½ðÈÚϵͳµÄ²»Ðµ÷ÐÔËù¿ÉÄÜÒý·¢µÄÖÖÖÖÎÊÌ⣬Ïà¶ÔÉóÉ÷µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÔ¼Êø¾ßÓкÏÀíÐÔ£»¶ø´Óºã¾ÃÀ´¿´£¬ÈôÒªÕæÕý½«ÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼REITsÊг¡ÅàÓý³ÉΪÓÅÖʵÄÍòÒÚ¼¶Êг¡£¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȵÄÉ趨²»µ«ÒªË¼Á¿Æ·µÂΣº¦µÄ·À¿Ø£¬»¹ÒªË¼Á¿ÇкÏREITs¼ÛÖµ´´Á¢µÄÊг¡Âß¼£¬Ó¦µ±ÃãÀøREITsÕ®Îñ¹¤¾ßºÍÇ·Õ®·½·¨µÄ¶àÔª»¯²¢Éú³¤ÅäÌ×Ç·Õ®½ðÈÚ¹¤¾ß£¬Ëæ×ÅÊг¡µÄ½øÒ»²½ÍêÉƺÍÉú³¤ÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼REITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÔ¼Êø¾ßÓÐÏòÉϵ÷½âµÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£
×ÊÔ´½á¹¹£¬Ö¸ÆóÒµÖÖÖÖ×ÊÔ´£¨ÈçÕ®Îñ×ÊÔ´¡¢¹ÉȨ×ÊÔ´£©µÄ¼ÛÖµ×é³É¼°Æä±ÈÀý¹Øϵ£¬Êǹ«Ë¾½ðÈÚÁìÓòµÄ½¹µãÃüÌâ¡£×ʲúÇ·Õ®ÂÊ£¨Ò²³Æ¸Ü¸ËÂÊ£©ÊÇ·´Ó¦×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄ½¹µãÖ¸±ê¡£ÃÀ¹ú¾¼Ãѧ¼ÒMyersÔÚ1984ÄêÃÀ¹ú½ðÈÚлᣨAmerican Finance Association£©µÄÖ÷ϯ±¨¸æÖнÒÏþÌâΪ¡°×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Ö®ÃÕ¡±µÄ½²ÑÝ£¬ÔÚModigliani and Miller(1958)ÖøÃûµÄ¡°×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÎÞ¹ØÂÛ¡±»ù´¡ÉÏÌá³ö˼Ë÷Ì⡪¡ª¡°ÆóÒµÊÂʵӦµ±ÔõÑùÑ¡Ôñ¸Ü¸ËÂÊ£¿¡±£¬²¢½«×ÊÔ´½á¹¹·ÖΪ¡°×îÊÊ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛ¡±Óë¡°ÈÚ×ÊÓÅÐòÀíÂÛ¡±Á½¸ö˼Ë÷¿ò¼Ü£¬Ê¹×ÊÔ´½á×é³ÉΪ¹«Ë¾½ðÈÚÁìÓò±»ÊµÎñ½çºÍѧÊõ½çÆÕ±éÌÖÂ۵Ļ°Ìâ¡£¹ØÓÚÆóÒµ¶øÑÔ£¬ºÏÀíµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¾ßÓнµµÍÆóÒµ×ʽð±¾Ç®¡¢×èÖ¹ÐÝҵΣº¦¡¢½µµÍÊðÀí±¾Ç®¡¢Ôö½øÆóÒµÀ©ÕŵȶàÖÖDZÔÚÒæ´¦£¬´Ó¶ø×ÊÖúÆóҵʵÏֹɶ«¼ÛÖµ×î´ó»¯¡¢ÀûÒæÏà¹Ø·½¼ÛÖµ×î´ó»¯µÈı»®Ä¿µÄ£»¹ØÓÚ¾¼ÃÌå¶øÑÔ£¬×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Ò»¨Çƽºâ¾¼ÃÔöÌíÓë¾¼ÃΣº¦µÄÒªº¦ÒªËØ¡£
¾ÓɶàÄêÀ´µÄһֱ̽Ë÷ʵÑ飬Öйú¹«Ä¼°æ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÖÕÓڳ˷çÆ𺽣¬ÔÚ2020Äê4ÔÂ30ÈÕ¡¶¹ûÕæÕÙļ»ù´¡Éèʩ֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ðÖ¸Òý(ÊÔÐÐ)¡·£¨Õ÷ÇóÒâ¼û¸å£©Ðû²¼ºó£¬Éç»á¸÷½ç¶ÔÖйú¹«Ä¼REITsµÄÖƶȾÙÐÐÁËÆÕ±éÌÖÂÛ£¬ÆäÖйØÓÚREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉèÖÃÎÊÌâ³ÉΪÊг¡¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µãÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»¡£Æ¾Ö¤Õ÷ÇóÒâ¼û¸å£¬¡°»ù´¡ÉèÊ©»ù½ðÖ±½Ó»ò¼ä½Ó¶ÔÍâÆò´û£¬Ó¦µ±×ñÕÕ»ù½ð·Ý¶î³ÖÓÐÈËÀûÒæÓÅÏÈÔÔò£¬Æò´û×ܶµÃÁè¼Ý»ù½ð×ʲúµÄ20%£¬Æò´ûÓÃ;ÏÞÓÚ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÏîĿάÐÞ¡¢Ë¢Ðµȡ±¡£Êг¡ÆÕ±éÒÔΪ¸ÃÒªÇó¶ÔREITsÇ·Õ®µÄÏ޶ȹýµÍ£¬×ʽðÓÃ;¹ýÕ¡£ÔÚ8ÔÂ7ÈÕÐû²¼µÄ¡¶¹ûÕæÕÙļ»ù´¡Éèʩ֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ðÖ¸Òý£¨ÊÔÐУ©¡·ÖУ¬¶Ô»ù½ðÇ·Õ®ÏÞÖÆÊÊ¶È·Å¿í£¬ÒªÇó×ÜÇ·Õ®²»µÃÁè¼Ý×Ü×ʲúµÄ28.57%£¬²¢ÔÊÐíÇ·Õ®×ʽðÓÃÓÚÐÂÔöÏîÄ¿ÊÕ¹º£¬Æð¾¢»ØÓ¦ÁË´ËÇ°Êг¡·´ÏìµÄÉùÒô¡£
REITsÊÇÒ»ÖÖÌØÊâµÄ½ðÈÚÖƶȰ²ÅÅ£¬ÎÞÂÛÆä×éÖ¯ÐÎʽΪ¹«Ë¾ÖÆÕÕ¾É×óȯÖÆ£¬¸÷¹úREITsÖƶȾù¶ÔREITsÌá³öÁËÊÕÈëÓë×ʲú½á¹¹±ÈÀý¡¢Ç¿ÖÆ·ÖÅÉ¡¢Ë°ÊÕÓÅ»ÝÌõ¼þµÈÒªÇó¡£È»¶øÔÚREITsµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÏÞÖÆÖУ¬²î±ð¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøREITsÖƶȵĻ®¶¨È´²»¾¡Ïàͬ£¬ÈçÃÀ¹ú¡¢ÈÕ±¾¡¢°Ä´óÀûÑǵȲî³ØREITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÏÞÖÆ£¬ÖйúÏã¸Û¡¢Ð¼ÓÆ¡¢µÂ¹úµÈΪREITsÉ趨Á˸ܸËÂÊÉÏÏÞ£¬Ó¢¹úÔò¶ÔREITsµÄ×îСÀûÏ¢ÁýÕÖ±¶Êý¾ÙÐÐÏÞÖÆ¡£×ÝÈ»ÔÚ¶ÔREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÏÞÖƵĹú¼ÒÖУ¬ÆäÉ趨µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞ±ÈÂÊÒ²±£´æ²î±ð£¬ÈçÏã¸ÛREITsÒªÇó×ÜÕ®Îñ²»µÃÁè¼Ý×Ü×ʲúµÄ45%£¬²¢ÓÚ2020Äê6ÔÂÔÚÐÞ¶©¡¶·¿µØ²úͶ×ÊÐÅÍлù½ðÊØÔò¡·µÄ×ÉѯÎļþÖн¨Ò齫¸Ã±ÈÂÊ·Å¿íÖÁ50%£¬µÂ¹úREITs×Ü×ʲúÇ·Õ®ÂʵÄÉÏÏÞÔòΪ66.25%£¬Ð¼ÓÆÂÔÚ2020Äê4Ô½«REITsÕ®ÎñÓë²»¶¯²ú¼ÛÖµµÄ±ÈÂÊÉÏÏÞÓÉ45%ÌáÉýÖÁ50%¡£Õâ¾ÍÌá³öÁËÖ÷ÒªµÄÑо¿ÎÊÌ⣺´ÓÖƶÈÉè¼ÆµÄ½Ç¶È£¬REITsÊÇ·ñÓ¦¸ÃÉèÖøܸËÂÊÏ޶ȣ¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȵľÞϸӦµ±ÓÉÄÄЩÒòËؾöÒ飿Ӧµ±ÔõÑù¿´´ýÏÖÔÚÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉ趨£¿
»Ø¸²ÕâЩÎÊÌ⣬һ·½Ã棬ÓÐÀµÓÚ¶ÔÈ«ÇòREITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Êµ¼ùµÄ»ù±¾ÊÂʵ¾ÙÐÐÊáÀíÓë»ØÊ×£¬²¢ÔڹŰ幫˾½ðÈÚ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂ۵Ļù´¡ÉÏÍŽáREITsÌØÊâµÄÖƶȰ²ÅŽ¨ÉèÊÊÓÃÓÚREITsµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛ£»ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÐèÒªÕë¶ÔÎÒ¹úÌØÊâµÄ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©Óë×ÊÔ´Êг¡Éú³¤×´Ì¬£¬ÒòµØÖÆÒ˵Ø˼Ë÷ÇкÏÎÒ¹úÏÖÕæÏàÐεÄ×îÓŹ«Ä¼»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¡£»ùÓÚ´Ë£¬±¾ÎĵÄÄÚÈÝ°üÀ¨ÒÔÏÂÈý²¿·Ö£ºÔÚµÚÒ»²¿·ÖÖУ¬½«¶ÔÈ«ÇòREITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÓйØÖƶÈÓëÏÖʵӦÓþÙÐÐÊáÀíÓëÆÊÎö£»ÔÚµÚ¶þ²¿·ÖÖУ¬½«Ôڲο¼¾µäÎÄÏ׵Ļù´¡ÉÏÍŽáREITsÖƶȹéÄÉREITÏà¹ØµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛ£»ÔÚµÚÈý²¿·Ö£¬½«ÍŽáÎÒ¹úÏÖʵÅä¾°¶ÔÎÒ¹úREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊ»®¶¨¼ÓÒÔÆÊÎö£¬²¢Ìá³öÕþ²ß½¨Òé¡£
Ò»¡¢È«ÇòREITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Êµ¼ù
ƾ֤NareitºÍERPAµÄͳ¼Æ£¬×èÖ¹2020Äê1Ô£¬È«Çò¹²ÓÐ42¸ö¹ú¼Ò³ǫ̈ÁËREITsÖƶȣ¬È«Çò¹«Ä¼REITsÊг¡×ܹæÄ£½ü2ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£Æ¾Ö¤2020Äê9ÔÂERPAÐû²¼µÄ¡¶ERPAÈ«ÇòREITsÊÓ²ì2020¡·[1]£¬ÎÒÃÇÕûÀíÁËÈ«Çò²î±ð¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøµÄREITsÖƶÈÖÐÓйØ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄÏÞÖƺÍÒªÇó£¬Ð§¹ûÈçÎÄÄ©¸½±í1Ëùʾ¡£
Ö»¹Ü¸÷¹ú¶ÔREITsÖƶȶÔ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄÏÞÖƺÍÔ¼Êø²»¾¡Ïàͬ£¬µ«»ù±¾¿ÉÒÔ¹éΪËÄÀࣺ1£©ÒÔÃÀ¹ú¡¢¼ÓÄôó¡¢ÈÕ±¾¡¢°Ä´óÀûÑÇ¡¢·¨¹ú¡¢Î÷°àÑÀ¡¢°ÍÎ÷µÈΪ´ú±íµÄ¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇø£¬ÆäREITsÖƶȶÔREITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÖеÄÕ®Îñ±ÈÀý²¢Î´»®¶¨ÈκÎÉÏÏÞ£¬µ«µ±Õ®Îñ¹ý¸ßʱ»á¶ÔÕ®ÎñµÄË°¶Ü×÷ÓþÙÐÐÒ»¶¨µÄÏÞÖÆ£»2£©ÒÔÖйúÏã¸Û¡¢Ð¼ÓÆ¡¢µÂ¹ú¡¢ºÉÀ¼µÈΪ´ú±íµÄ¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇø»®¶¨REITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞ£¬ÒªÇóREITs×ÜÕ®Îñ²»µÃÁè¼Ý×Ü×ʲú£¨»ò²»¶¯²ú¼ÛÖµ£©µÄ»®¶¨±ÈÂÊ£»3£©ÒÔÓ¢¹ú¡¢°®¶ûÀ¼Îª´ú±íµÄ¹ú¼Ò²»»®¶¨¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞ£¬µ«¶ÔREITsµÄÀûÏ¢ÁýÕÖ±¶Êý¾ÙÐÐÏÞÖÆ£¬ÒªÇóREITsÀ´×Ô²»¶¯²úı»®µÄÀûÈó²»µÃÉÙÓÚÇ·Õ®ÀûÏ¢µÄ1.25±¶£»4£©×îºó£¬ÉÐÓÐÉÙÊý¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøÈçÒâ´óÀû¡¢ÖÇÀûÒªÇóREITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞÓɹɶ«£¨µ¥Î»·Ý¶î³ÖÓÐÈË£©±í¾öͨ¹ýµÄÄÚ²¿¹æÕÂÖƶ©¡£
ÉÏÊö¸÷¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏà¹ØÖƶȰ²ÅÅ·ºÆð³öÏÊÃ÷Ìص㣬һ·½Ã棬ÔÚ7¸ö¾¼ÃÌåÁ¿´ó¡¢¹¤ÒµÉú³¤Ôç¡¢½ðÈÚϵͳ½Ï³ÉÊìµÄG7¹ú¼ÒÖУ¬½öÓе¹úÒ»¸ö¹ú¼ÒÃ÷È·Ìá³öÁ˸ܸËÂÊÒªÇó¡£Ó¢¹úÖ»¹Ü¶ÔREITs»®¶¨ÁË1.25±¶µÄ×îµÍÀûÏ¢ÁýÕÖ±¶Êý£¬µ«ÀûÏ¢ÁýÕÖ±¶ÊýÏÞÖÆÒâζ×ÅÖ»ÒªREITsÄܹ»±¬·¢¿µ½¡µÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬²»±£´æÀûÏ¢ËÍ»¹Î£º¦£¬ÆäÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ÊÐÐΪ¾Í²»ÊÜÈκÎÏÞÖÆ£¬Ïà±ÈÕ®Îñ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÊÇÔ½·¢ÈíÐÔµÄÔ¼Êø¡£¶ø¹ØÓÚ½ðÈÚÉú³¤Ë®Æ½Ïà¶ÔÂäÎéµÄÐÂÐ˾¼ÃÌ壬ÈçÓ¡¶È¡¢Ì©¹ú¡¢·ÆÂɱöµÈ¹ú¼Ò£¬ÔòÔÚ»®¶¨REITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏ޵Ļù´¡ÉÏ»¹¾ÙÐÐÁËÌØÁíÍâ·Ö¶Î»®¶¨£¬Ö»ÓÐÇкÏ×ÊÖÊÒªÇóµÄREITsʵÌå²Å»ª¹»µÖ´ï¸Ü¸ËÂʵÄ×îÉÏÏÞ£¬ÆäÓàREITsÔòÊÜÏÞÓڽϵ͵ĸܸËÂÊÒªÇó¡£ÔÚ¶ÔREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÏÞÖƵĹú¼ÒÖУ¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏÞÖƱÈÀýÔÚ²î±ð¹ú¼ÒÖ®¼äͬÑù±£´æ½Ï´ó²î±ð£¬×ÜÌå¿´¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏÞÖÆλÓÚ40%ÖÁ80%Ö®¼ä¡£ÆäÖУ¬×ÊÔ´Êг¡¸üΪÅµÄÅ·ÖÞ¹ú¼Ò¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏÞÖÆÏà¶ÔÔ½·¢¿íËÉ£¬ÈçµÂ¹ú¡¢ºÉÀ¼¡¢±ÈÀûʱ¡¢ÆÏÌÑÑÀ¡¢·ÒÀ¼µÈ¹ú¼Ò¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞ¾ù²»µÍÓÚ60%£»¶øÓ¡¶È¡¢Ì©¹ú¡¢Ó¡ÄáµÈ¿ìËÙÉú³¤µÄÑÇÖÞ¹ú¼ÒËùÖƶ©µÄREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉÏÏÞÔòͨ³£µÍÓÚ50%¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÔÚÊг¡Åˮƽ֮Í⣬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏà¹ØÖƶȰ²ÅÅÒ²ÓëÖÎÀíģʽϢϢÏà¹Ø¡£¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¡¢°Ä´óÀûÑÇ¡¢·¨¹ú¡¢¼ÓÄôóµÈ¶Ô¸Ü¸ËÂʲ»ÉèÏÞÖƵĹú¼Ò»òµØÇø£¬Ö÷Òª½ÓÄÉÄÚ²¿ÖÎÀíģʽ£¬¶øÖйúÏã¸Û¡¢Ð¼ÓÆ¡¢ÂíÀ´Î÷ÑǵÈͨ¹ýî¿ÏµÖƶȶÔREITs×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¾ÙÐÐÔ¼ÊøµÄµä·¶¹ú¼Ò£¬Ôò¶à½ÓÄÉÍⲿÖÎÀíģʽ¡£ÓëÄÚ²¿ÖÎÀíģʽÏà±È£¬ÍⲿÖÎÀíģʽϵÄÖÎÀíÈËͨ³£¾ßÓиüרҵµÄÖÎÀíÄÜÁ¦£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚ¼¤ÀøģʽºÍÊðÀí×óȯ¸üÖØ´ó£¬Í¨³£ÓÐןü¸ßµÄÊðÀí±¾Ç®¡£ÓëÄÚ²¿ÖÎÀíÈËÏà±È£¬ÍⲿÖÎÀíÈËÓÐןüÇ¿µÄÄîͷͨ¹ý½èծʵÏÖµ¹ÔËÓڹɶ«£¨µ¥Î»·Ý¶î³ÖÓÐÈË£©¼ÛÖµµÄREITsÀ©ÕÅ£¬ÔÚÕâÑùµÄÇéÐÎÏÂͨ¹ýî¿Ïµ¶ÔÍⲿÖÎÀíģʽϵÄREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÔ¼Êø¾Í±£´æÐëÒªÐÔ¡£ÈÕ±¾Ö»¹ÜÒÔÍⲿÖÎÀí×÷ΪREITsµÄÖ÷ÒªÖÎÀíģʽ£¬µ«Æäî¿Ïµ²¿·ÖÒÀȻδ¶ÔREITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÏÞÖÆ£¬¿ÉÄܵÄÔµ¹ÊÔÓÉÔÚÓÚÈÕ±¾µÄͶ×ÊÕßÖлú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕßÕ¼ÓÐÖ÷µ¼Ö°Î»£¬Æ¾Ö¤OECDÔÚ2019ÄêÐû²¼µÄ¡¶ÌìÏÂÉÏÊÐÆóÒµËùÓÐȨ±¨¸æ¡·[2]£¬ÈÕ±¾ÉÏÊÐÆóÒµÖзÇÆóÒµ·¨ÈË»ú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕßÕ¼±ÈµÖ´ï37%£¬Ô¶¸ßÓÚÖйúÏã¸Û12%¡¢Ð¼ÓÆÂ12%¡¢Öйú9%µÄˮƽ£¬Èô˼Á¿µ½ÈÕ±¾»¹¾ßÓкܸ߱ÈÀýµÄÆóÒµ·¨ÈËͶ×ÊÕߣ¬ÔòÈÕ±¾·ÇСÎÒ˽¼ÒͶ×ÊÕߵıÈÀýÔ¶³¬ÆäÓàÑÇÖÞ¹ú¼Ò£¬¶ø»ú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕßÏà±ÈСÎÒ˽¼ÒͶ×ÊÕß¹ØÓÚ½µµÍÊðÀí±¾Ç®¾ßÓиüÇ¿µÄ¼àÊÓ×÷Óã¬ÊÂʵÉÏ´ó×ÚÈÕ±¾J-REITsµÄ¹É¶«ÒªÇóͨ¹ý¹«Ë¾Õ³̻®¶¨×ÔÉí¸Ü¸ËÂʲ»µÃÁè¼Ý55%»ò60%£¬Åú×¢»ú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕß¼òÖ±Ìæ»»î¿Ïµ»ú¹¹Ê©Õ¹Á˶ÔÊðÀí±¾Ç®µÄ¼àÊÓºÍÒÖÖÆÖ°ÄÜ¡£
ÔÚREITsµÄÏÖʵı»®ºÍÔËÐÐÖУ¬»áÔõÑùÑ¡Ôñ×îÓŵÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹£¬î¿ÏµÕþ²ßÊÇ·ñ»áÓ°Ïì×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄÑ¡ÔñÄØ£¿×÷ΪȫÇò×î´óµÄREITsÊг¡£¬±¾ÎÄÊ×ÏÈÅÌËãÁËÃÀ¹úREITsµÄÕ®Îñ±ÈÀý£¬ÏÂͼΪÃÀ¹ú2000-2019Äê¼äÿ¼¾¶È¼¾Ä©REITsÓë·ÇREITsÉÏÊй«Ë¾µÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ£¬Óë¾ø´ó´ó¶¼¹ú¼ÒREITsî¿ÏµÒªÇóÒ»Ö£¬´Ë´¦Ê¹ÓÃ×ÜÕ®ÎñÓë×Ü×ʲúÕËÃæ¼ÛÖµÖ®±È¶Ô¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐȨºâ¡£Ö»¹ÜÔÚ2008Äê½ðÈÚΣ»úÖ®ºóÃÀ¹úREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÓÐËùϽµ£¬µ«ÒÑÍù20ÄêÀ´ÃÀ¹úREITsÆóÒµµÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂʾùÔÚ50%Óë60%Ö®¼ä£¨ÐèҪ˵Ã÷µÄÊÇ£¬Æ¾Ö¤NareitsµÄͳ¼Æ£¬ÈôÊÇÓÃÊÐÖµÀ´ÅÌËãREITsȨÒæ¼ÛÖµ£¬ÄÇôÃÀ¹úREITsÊг¡20ÄêµÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊΪ39%¡££©£¬ÏÔÖø¸ßÓÚͬÆÚ·ÇREITsÆóÒµ20%-30%µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ¡£¸ÃЧ¹ûÓëGiacomini et al.(2017)±¨¸æµÄЧ¹ûÒ»Ö£¬Giacomini et al.(2017)·¢Ã÷ÃÀ¹úREITsµÄ×ÜÕ®ÎñÕËÃæ×ʲú¸Ü¸ËÂÊΪ52%£¬¶øÃÀ¹úÓÐÐÎ×ʲú±ÈÖØ×î¸ßµÄÇ°25%ÉÏÊÐÆóÒµµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊΪ44%£¬Åú×¢ÔÚ˼Á¿REITs¾ßÓнϸ߱ÈÀýµÄÀο¿×ʲú£¬¾ßÓиüÇ¿µÄ×ʲú¿ÉµäÖÊÐÔÕâÒ»Ö÷ÒªÒòËØÖ®ºó£¬REITsÒÀÈ»±£´æ½Ï¸ß¸Ü¸ËÕ÷Ïó¡£±ðµÄ£¬Ë¼Á¿µ½»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÕâÒ»µ×²ã×ʲúÖÖ±ð¿ÉÄÜÓëÆäËûÉÌÒµ²»¶¯²ú±£´æ²î±ð£¬±¾ÎĽøÒ»²½ÅÌËãÁËÃÀ¹ú»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÓë»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÒµÖ÷ÓÐÏÞºÏ×ÊÆóÒµ£¨MLPs£©µÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊʱ¼äÐòÁУ¬»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÓëMLPsÔÚÒÑÍù20Äê¼ä¾ùÌåÏÖ³ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊÒ»Ö±ÉÏÉýµÄÇ÷ÊÆ£¬ÇÒ¾ùÏÔÖø¸ßÓÚÃÀ¹ú·ÇREITsÆóÒµµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ¡£½üÄêÀ´£¬ÃÀ¹ú»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ¸ß´ï70%£¬¸ßÓÚREITsÕûÌåµÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊ£¬¶ø»ù´¡ÉèÊ©MLPsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÔòÓëREITsÕûÌåµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽÏà½ü¡£
ͼ1 ÃÀ¹úREITsÓë·ÇREITsÆóÒµµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂʱÈÕÕ£¨2000-2019£©
Êý¾ÝȪԴ£ºCRSPÊý¾Ý¿â¡¢CompustatÊý¾Ý¿â¡¢±±´óΰÒײ©¿ÎÌâ×éÕûÀí
½øÒ»²½½ÏÁ¿ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøÖ÷ÒªREITsÊг¡REITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÌåÏÖ£¬±í1ÅÌËãÁË2019Äêβ¸÷Ö÷Òª¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøµÄREITsƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊ£¬ÆäÖмÌÐøʹÓÃ×ÜÕ®ÎñÓë×Ü×ʲúÕËÃæ¼ÛÖµÖ®±È¶Ô¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐȨºâ¡£Ð§¹ûÏÔʾ£¬¸÷Ö÷ÒªÊг¡µÄREITsƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊλÓÚ25%Óë45%Ö®¼ä£¬µÍÓÚÃÀ¹úREITsµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ£¬µ«ÒÀ¾É¸ßÓÚÈ«ÇòÉÏÊÐÆóҵƽ¾ù20%-30%µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ£¬ÈÕ±¾¡¢Ð¼ÓÆ¡¢ÖйúÏã¸ÛREITsµÄƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊ»®·ÖΪ44.2%¡¢35.6%¡¢26.2%[3]¡£ÔÚ¶ÔREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÔ¼ÊøµÄÖ÷ÒªÊг¡ÖУ¬Ð¼ÓÆÂƽ¾ù¸Ü¸ËÂÊÓë¸Ü¸ËÂÊî¿ÏµÏÞÖƵIJî±ðȱ·¦10¸ö°Ù·Öµã£¬¶øÖйúÏã¸Û¡¢±ÈÀûʱ¡¢µÂ¹úµÈµØÇø»ò¹ú¼ÒREITsÓëî¿ÏµÒªÇó¾ùÏà¾à20¸ö°Ù·ÖµãÉõÖÁ¸ü¸ß¡£²¢ÇÒ£¬ÔÚÕâЩ½ÏΪ³ÉÊìµÄREITsÊг¡ÖУ¬²¢Î´·¢Ã÷¶ÔREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʾÙÐÐÏÞÖƵÄÊг¡REITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏÔÖø¸ßÓÚ»òµÍÓÚÄÇЩδ¶ÔREITs¸Ü¸ËÂʼÓÒÔÏÞÖƵÄÊг¡¡£
Êý¾ÝȪԴ£ºBloombergÊý¾Ý¿â¡¢±±´óΰÒײ©¿ÎÌâ×éÕûÀí
×îºó£¬¹ØÓÚÕ®ÎñµÄÄÚ²¿½á¹¹£¬ÍâÑóÊг¡·ºÆð³ö½á¹¹¶àÔª»¯¡¢Õ®ÎñÏÞÆÚ³¤¡¢¹¤¾ßÒ×Ðø×÷µÄÌص㡣ÃÀ¹úREITs²»µ«¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµ×²ãÏîÄ¿¹«Ë¾Ëù³ÖÓеÄ×ʲú¾ÙÐеäÖÊ»ñµÃÒøÐдû¿î£¬REITs×Ô¼º×÷ΪÉÏÊÐÖ÷ÌåÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý·¢Õ®µÄ·½·¨¾ÙÐÐÈÚ×ÊÒÔÔöÌí¸Ü¸Ë¡£ÒÔÃÀ¹úÌúËþREITsΪÀý£¬×èÖ¹2019Äê⣬Æä×ÜÕ®ÎñµÄ20.5%ΪÉÌÒµÒøÐдû¿î£¬ÇÒÆäÖоø´ó´ó¶¼´û¿î½ÓÄÉÑ»·ÐÅÓã¨Revolving Credit Facility£©µÄÐÎʽ£¬Äܹ»Àû±ãµÄ¾ÙÐÐÑ»·Ðø´û£»±ðµÄ£¬Æ仹´ó×Ú·¢·ÅÁËÖÐÆÚƱ¾Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÁè¼Ý°ëÊýµÄÏÞÆÚ¶¼ÔÚ5ÄêÒÔÉÏ¡£¶øÔÚÒÔÖйúÏã¸Û¡¢Ð¼ÓÆÂΪ´ú±íµÄÐÅÍÐÖÆREITsÊг¡Êµ¼ùÖУ¬REITsͬÑù½ÓÄÉ°üÀ¨´û¿î¡¢Õ®È¯¡¢¿ÉתծµÈÔÚÄڵĶàÖÖÕ®ÎñÈÚ×Ê·½·¨£¬ÒÔÁìÕ¹REITsΪÀý£¬×èÖ¹2019/2020²ÆÄê⣬Æä½ÓÄɵÄÕ®ÎñÈÚ×Ê·½·¨°üÀ¨ÒøÐдû¿î¡¢ÖÐÆÚƱ¾ÝÓë¿Éת»»Õ®È¯£¬»®·ÖÕ¼×ÜÕ®ÎñµÄ43.1%¡¢45.6%¡¢11.3%£¬ÆäÖÐÔ¼Èý·ÖÖ®Ò»µÄÕ®Îñµ½ÆÚÏÞÆÚÔÚ5ÄêÒÔÉÏ¡£ÕâÑùµÄÕ®Îñ½á¹¹Ñ¡ÔñÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÆ¥ÅäREITs×ʲúµÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÌØÕ÷£¬ÓÉÓÚREITs¾ßÓÐÎȹÌÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬Ö»¹ÜÆä¹ØÓÚÕ®ÎñÀûÏ¢²¿·ÖµÄËÍ»¹¾ßÓкÜÇ¿µÄÆ¥ÅäÐÔ£¬µ«¹ØÓÚÕ®Îñ±¾½ð²¿·ÖµÄËÍ»¹±£´æ´íÅ䣬¶ø¶àÔª»¯µÄ¾ÙÕ®½á¹¹¡¢¸ü³¤µÄÕ®ÎñÏÞÆں͸ü±ã½ÝµÄÐøծģʽÓÐÖúÓÚREITs¸üÎÞаµØ¾ÙÐÐÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÖÎÀí£¬´Ó¶ø½µµÍ²ÆÎñΣº¦¡£
¶þ¡¢×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛÔÚREITsÁìÓòµÄÓ¦ÓÃ
Myers(1984)ÔÚÌâΪ¡°×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Ö®ÃÕ¡±µÄÂÛÎÄÖÐÌá³ö¡°×îÊÊ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¡±ÀíÂÛÓë¡°ÈÚ×ÊÓÅÐò¡±ÀíÂÛ£¬ÓëBaker and Wurgler(2002)Ìá³öµÄ¡°Êг¡Ôñʱ¡±ÀíÂÛ£¬×é³ÉÁ˹ØÓÚ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÌÖÂÛ×îΪÖ÷ÒªµÄÈý´óÀíÂÛ¡£
¡°×îÊÊ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¡±ÀíÂÛÒÔΪ£¬ÆóÒµÓ¦µ±È¨ºâ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÆé᫱¬·¢µÄÖÖÖÖÀû±×£¬Ñ¡Ôñ×îÊʺÏÆóÒµµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¡£¸ÃÀíÂÛµÄÆðÔ´ÊÇModigliani and Miller(1958)ËùÌá³öµÄÖøÃûµÄ¡°×ÊÔ´½á¹¹Î޹ء±ÂÛ£¬ÒÔΪÆóÒµµÄ¼ÛÖµÓÉÆóÒµµÄ×ʲúËù¾öÒ飬²»ÊÜ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬Modigliani and Miller(1963)½øÒ»²½Ìá³öÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ʾßÓÐË°¶Ü¼ÛÖµ£¬Òò´ËÆóÒµÓÐÄîÍ·×î´ó»¯¾ÙÕ®£»È»¶ø£¬ÆóÒµ¹ý¸ßµÄ¸Ü¸ËÂʻᵼÖ¸ü¸ßµÄ²ÆÎñΣ»ú±¾Ç®£¨Baxter, 1967; Bradley et al., 1984£©£»±ðµÄ£¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÑ¡ÔñÓëÆóÒµµÄÊðÀíÎÊÌâϢϢÏà¹Ø£¬Ò»·½Ãæ¸Ü¸ËÂÊ¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö¹ɶ«×ö³öµ¹ÔËÓÚծȨÈ˺͹«Ë¾ÕûÌåÀûÒæµÄ¾öÒ飨Jensen and Meckling, 1976; Myers, 1977£©£¬ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ¸Ü¸ËÂʵÄÔöÌí¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýïÔÌ×ÔÓÉÏÖ½ðÁ÷¡¢×èÖ¹ÐÝÒµµÄÉùÓþËðʧµÈ»úÖÆÏÞÖÆÖÎÀí²ãÓë¹É¶«Ö®¼äµÄÊðÀíÎÊÌ⣨Jensen, 1986£©£¬»ùÓÚÉÏÊöÆÊÎö£¬ÆóÒµÓ¦µ±×ÛºÏÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ÊËù±¬·¢µÄË°¶ÜÀûÒæ¡¢ÐÝÒµ±¾Ç®¡¢ÊðÀíÀûÒæÓëÊðÀí±¾Ç®£¬Ñ¡Ôñ×îÓŵĸܸˡ£
»ùÓÚREITsµÄÌØÊâÖƶȰ²ÅÅ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦ÓþµäÀíÂÛ¾ÙÐÐÆÊÎö¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬Ë¼Á¿Õ®ÎñÈÚ×ʵÄË°¶Ü¼ÛÖµ¡£ÓÉÓÚREITsͨ³£½ÓÄÉË°ÊÕÖÐÐÔÔÔò£¬ÒÔÃÀ¹úΪÀý£¬ÆäÇ¿ÖÆÒªÇóREITsÖÁÉÙ½«ÀûÈóµÄ90%·ÖÅɸøͶ×ÊÕßÇÒ·ÖÅɵIJ¿·Ö²»ÐèÒªÔÚÆóÒµ²ãÃæ½ÉÄÉËùµÃË°£¬Õâ¾ÍʹµÃREITs²»ÔÙÓÐͨ¹ý¾ÙծʵÏÖË°¶ÜÊÕÒæµÄÄîÍ·¡£
Æä´Î£¬Ë¼Á¿²ÆÎñΣ»ú±¾Ç®¹ØÓÚÕ®ÎñÑ¡ÔñµÄÓ°Ïì¡£²ÆÎñΣʱ»úÒý·¢Õ®ÎñÎ¥Ô¼£¬Î¥Ô¼±¾Ç®Í¬Ê±Êܵ½Î¥Ô¼¸ÅÂÊÓëΥԼЧ¹ûÁ½¸öÒòËØÓ°Ïì¡£¹ØÓÚÎ¥Ô¼¸ÅÂʶøÑÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚREITs½öÄÜı»®²»¶¯²ú×ʲú£¬ÆäÄÑÒÔͨ¹ýÊèÉ¢»¯Ä±»®µÈ·½·¨½µµÍΣº¦£¬Ö»¹ÜREITsËù³ÖÓÐ×ʲú¾ùΪÄܹ»±¬·¢ÎȹÌÏÖ½ðÁ÷µÄ×ʲú£¬ÆäÏÖ½ðÁ÷¹ØÓÚÕ®ÎñÀûÏ¢²¿·ÖµÄËÍ»¹¾ßÓкÜÇ¿µÄÆ¥ÅäÐÔ£¬È»¶øÕâÑùµÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÌØÕ÷¹ØÓÚÕ®Îñ±¾½ð²¿·ÖµÄËÍ»¹±£´æ´íÅ䣬ÔÚÕ®Îñ±¾½ðµ½ÆÚʱREITsÐèҪͨ¹ýÕ®Îñ»ò¹ÉȨ¾ÙÐÐÔÙÈÚ×ÊÒÔ½èл¹¾É£¬ÔÚ¾¼Ã²»¾°Æø»òÐÅ´ûËõ¶ÌµÄʱÆÚ£¬Ò»µ©ÔÚ½ðÈÚÊг¡ÉϵÄÈÚ×Ê·ºÆðÄÑÌ⣬ÔòREITs½«ÃæÁٽϴóµÄ±¾½ðËÍ»¹Î£º¦£¬¶øÒ»µ©Î¥Ô¼·ºÆð£¬ÓÉÓÚREITsÖƶȵÄÒªÇóREITsÔÚ×ʲú¶Ëͨ³£Áè¼Ý90%¾ùΪ±¬·¢ÎȹÌÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÊÕÈëµÄ²»¶¯²ú£¬Ò×ÓÚ±äÂôµÄÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ×ʲú½ÏÉÙ£¬Ê¹µÃREITs²»µÃ²î³ØÆä²»¶¯²ú¾ÙÐбäÂô£¬±¬·¢ºÜ¸ßµÄÎ¥Ô¼±¾Ç®¡£
µÚÈý£¬Ë¼Á¿Õ®ÎñÈÚ×ʵÄÊðÀíÀûÒæºÍÊðÀí±¾Ç®¡£Ò»·½Ã棬REITs×Ô¼º±£´æ½ÓÄɸ߸ܸ˵ļ¤¶¯¡£»ùÓÚͶ×ÊÈ˶ÔREITs²úÆ·ÅÉÏ¢ÂʵÄÒªÇó£¬ÖÎÀíÈ˱£´æÌ«¹ýʹÓøܸ˵ÄÄîÍ·ºÍÇãÏò£¬ÓÃÒÔ¶ÌÆÚÌá¸ß²úÆ·µÄÅÉÏ¢ÊÕÒæÂÊ£»ÈôÊÇÖÎÀí¼¤ÀøºÍ¹æÄ£¹Ò¹³£¬ÖÎÀíÈËÒ²ÓÐͨ¹ýǷծ̫¹ýÀ©Õŵļ¤¶¯¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÓÉÓÚREITs¾ßÓÐÀûÈóÇ¿ÖÆ·ÖÅÉÒªÇó£¬ÖÎÀí²ãÄܹ»Ö§ÅäµÄ×ÔÓÉÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÓÐÏÞ£¬Ê¹µÃREITsµÄÀ©ÕÅÒÀÀµÓÚÍâÔ´ÈÚ×Ê»ò×ʲúÑ»·£¬¿Í¹ÛÉÏÒÖÖÆÁËÖÎÀíÈË»ùÓÚ×ÔÉíÀûÒæµÄÀ©Õż¤¶¯¡£Òò´Ë£¬Õ®ÎñÈÚ×ʵÄÊðÀí±¾Ç®Òª´óÓÚÆäÊðÀíÀûÒæ¡£¶ÌÆÚÀ´¿´£¬ÈôÊÇÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®µÍÓÚ×ʲúµÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷»Ø±¨ÂÊ£¬ÄÇôÔöÌí¸Ü¸ËÂÊÓÐÀûÓÚÌá¸ßREITsµÄ·Öºì»Ø±¨ÂÊ£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚÌáÉý×ÊÔ´Êг¡µÄÈϿɶȣ»ºã¾ÃÀ´¿´£¬»ùÓÚ¡°×îÊÊ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹¡±ÀíÂÛ£¬ÔÚÊг¡ÓÐÓõÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬REITsµÄ×îÊʸܸËÂÊÓ¦¸ÃÊÇƽºâÎ¥Ô¼±¾Ç®¡¢ÊðÀí±¾Ç®Ö®ºóµÄЧ¹û¡£
¡°ÈÚ×ÊÓÅÐòÀíÂÛ¡±ÒÔΪ£¬ÆóÒµÓëÊг¡Ö®¼ä±£´æµÄÐÅÏ¢²î³Ø³Æ»áÒý·¢¸½¼ÓµÄÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®£¬Òò´ËÖÖÖÖÈÚ×Ê·½·¨Ö®¼ä±£´æÓÅÏÈ˳Ðò£ºÆóÒµÓ¦µ±ÓÅÏÈÑ¡ÔñʹÓÃÄÚ²¿×ʽð£¬ÄÚ²¿×ʽðȱ·¦Ê±ÓÅÏÈͨ¹ýÐÅ´û¾ÙÐÐÈÚ×Ê£¬ÔÙ´ÎÊÇ¿¯ÐÐծȯ£¬¹ÉƱÈÚ×ÊÓÉÓÚ¾ßÓÐ×î¸ßµÄÐÅÏ¢±¾Ç®ÊÇ×îÄ©µÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£Shyam-Sunder and Myers(1999)¡¢Fama and French(2002)µÈ¾ùÕÒµ½ÁËÖ§³Ö¸ÃÀíÂÛµÄʵ֤ÒÀ¾Ý¡£ÓÉÓÚREITsÇ¿ÖÆ·ÖÅÉÖƶȶÔÆäÀûÈó·ÖÅɵÄ×îµÍ±ÈÀýÌá³öÒªÇó£¬REITs×ÔÉíµÄÁô´æÊÕÒæÎÞ·¨Ö§³ÖREITs¾ÙÐÐͶ×Ê£¬Òò´ËÆäͶ×ÊÐÐΪ±ØÐèÒÀÀµÓÚÐÅ´û¡¢Õ®È¯»ò¹ÉƱµÈÍⲿÈÚ×Ê¡£Õ®ÎñÈÚ×ÊÓëȨÒæÈÚ×ÊÊÇ·ñ±£´æÓÅÁÓ˳Ðò£¬ÔòÓëREITsÖÎÀíÈ˺ÍͶ×ÊÕßÖ®¼äÐÅÏ¢²î³Ø³ÆˮƽÏà¹Ø¡£ÓëÆäËûÀàÐÍÉÏÊÐ×ʲúÏà±È£¬REITsµÄµ×²ã²»¶¯²ú×ʲú¾ßÓÐÏà¶ÔÎȹ̵ÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬×ʲúµÄ͸Ã÷¶È½Ï¸ß£¬×ʲú¼ÛÖµµÄ¿ÉÆÀ¹ÀÐԽϸߡ£ÕâЩÌØÕ÷ʹµÃREITsÖÎÀíÈ˺ÍÍⲿͶ×ÊÈËÖ®¼äµÄÐÅÏ¢²î³Ø³Æˮƽ½ÏµÍ£¬REITs¹ÉȨÈÚ×ʵĸ½¼ÓÐÅÏ¢³ÉÄÚÇé¶Ô²»¸ß¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ïà¶ÔÀ´Ëµ£¬REITs²»»áÓÉÓÚÐÅÏ¢±¾Ç®¶ø¸üÆ«ºÃÓÚÕ®ÎñÈÚ×Ê¡£
ÐèҪ˵Ã÷µÄÊÇ£¬REITsÓÉÓÚ¾ßÓм«ÆäÇåÎúµÄµ×²ã×ʲúºÍÎȹ̵ÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬Ê¹µÃÍⲿծȨÈËÄܹ»¸üºÃµÄÆÀ¹ÀÆäÕ®ÎñΣº¦£¬ÔÚʵ¼ùÖÐÉÌÒµÒøÐеȻú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕßͨ³£½«REITs×ʲúÊÓΪÏà¶ÔÓÅÖʵÄÆò´û×ÊÔ´£¬ÓëREITs½èÕ®Ö®¼äÐγÉÁ¼ÐÔ»¥¶¯£¬Ò»·½ÃæÕâЩ»ú¹¹ÎªREITsÌṩÁ˵ͱ¾Ç®µÄÕ®ÎñÈÚ×Ê£¬ÁíÒ»·½ÃæREITsÒ²³ÉΪÕâЩ»ú¹¹¿ÉÒÔºã¾Ã¡¢Ò»Á¬Í¶×ʵÄÓÅÖʱêµÄ¡£
¡°Êг¡Ôñʱ¡±ÀíÂÛ¹Ø×¢×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄ¶¯Ì¬µ÷½â£¬¸ÃÀíÂÛÒÔΪÓÉÓÚÖÎÀí²ã¾ßÓÐÐÅÏ¢ÓÅÊÆ£¬ÆóÒµÇãÏòÓÚÔÚÊг¡¶ÔÆóÒµ¼ÛÖµ¸ß¹Àʱ¾ÙÐÐȨÒæÈÚ×Ê¡£ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·ÇREITsÉÏÊÐÆóÒµÒà»òREITs£¬¾ùÓдó×Úʵ֤֤¾Ý¶Ô¸ÃÀíÂÛ¼ÓÒÔÖ§³Ö(Baker and Wurgler, 2002; Boudry et al., 2010)¡£ºã¾ÃÀ´¿´£¬REITsÖÎÀíÈ˵ÄÊг¡ÔñʱÖ÷ÒªÇý¶¯ÎªÊг¡×ÜÌå¹Àֵת±ä¶ø²»ÊǸöÌå¹ÀÖµ£¬ÆäÔµ¹ÊÔÓÉÕÕ¾ÉREITsµÄÌØÕ÷¡£REITs×ʲúͨ³£½ÓÊÜרҵ»ú¹¹ÍêÉƵļÛÖµÆÀ¹À£¬ÓÉÓÚREITsµÄµ×²ã×ʲú³ÉÊìÇÒÖÊÁ¿½Ï¸ß£¬±¬·¢ÊÕÈ롢Ͷ×ÊÕß»ñµÃÏÖ½ðÁ÷µÄÂß¼¾ùÊ®Ã÷È·È·£¬ÆäͶ×ÊÕßÍùÍùÒ²ÊǺã¾ÃͶ×Ê»ú¹¹£¬Ê¹µÃREITsµÄȨÒæ¼ÛÖµ½«¸üÇåÎúµÄÓÉδÀ´¹ÉÀû¶ÔÓ¦ÏÖ½ðÁ÷µÄÕÛÏÖ¶ø¾öÒ飬¼õСÁËREITsµÄ²»È·¶¨ÐÔºÍÐÅÏ¢²î³Ø³Æˮƽ£¬Ïà¶Ôµ¹ÔËÓÚͶÆõÕßʹµÃREITs¼ÛÖµ±¬·¢¸ß¹À£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½ÉÏÒÖÖÆÁËREITsÖÎÀí²ãʹÓÃÐÅÏ¢ÓÅÊÆÔڹɼ۸߹Àʱͨ¹ý¹ÉƱÊг¡¾ÙÐÐÔÙÈÚ×Ê¡£
×ÛºÏÉÏÊöÆÊÎö£¬REITsÌá¸ß¸Ü¸ËÂʵÄÔµ¹ÊÔÓÉ°üÀ¨¶ÌÆÚÌá¸ß·Öºì»Ø±¨ÂÊ£¬ÔÚÓÚÖÎÀíÈ˵ÄÀ©ÕÅ£¬Õ®ÎñÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®µÄµÍµã£»¶øÒÖÖƼӸܸËÔòÔÚÓÚÊг¡¹ØÓÚREITs²ÆÎñΣº¦ºÍÊðÀí±¾Ç®µÄ¹Ø×¢¡£
Èý¡¢ÊÔµãÖиܸËÂÊÎÊÌâµÄÌÖÂÛ
ÔÚ2020Äê4ÔÂ30ÈÕ¡¶¹ûÕæÕÙļ»ù´¡Éèʩ֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ðÖ¸Òý(ÊÔÐÐ)¡·£¨Õ÷ÇóÒâ¼û¸å£©Ðû²¼ºó£¬Éç»á¸÷½ç¶ÔÖйú¹«Ä¼REITsµÄÖƶȾÙÐÐÁËÆÕ±éÌÖÂÛ£¬ÆäÖйØÓÚREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÉèÖÃÎÊÌâ³ÉΪÊг¡¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µãÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»¡£Æ¾Ö¤Õ÷ÇóÒâ¼û¸å£¬¡°»ù´¡ÉèÊ©»ù½ðÖ±½Ó»ò¼ä½Ó¶ÔÍâÆò´û£¬Ó¦µ±×ñÕÕ»ù½ð·Ý¶î³ÖÓÐÈËÀûÒæÓÅÏÈÔÔò£¬Æò´û×ܶµÃÁè¼Ý»ù½ð×ʲúµÄ20%£¬Æò´ûÓÃ;ÏÞÓÚ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÏîĿάÐÞ¡¢Ë¢Ðµȡ±£¬Êг¡ÆÕ±éÒÔΪ¸ÃÒªÇó¶ÔREITsÇ·Õ®µÄÏ޶ȹýµÍ£¬×ʽðÓÃ;¹ýÕ¡£ÔÚ8ÔÂ7ÈÕÐû²¼µÄ¡¶¹ûÕæÕÙļ»ù´¡Éèʩ֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ðÖ¸Òý£¨ÊÔÐУ©¡·ÖУ¬Ö¸Òý¶Ô»ù½ðÇ·Õ®ÏÞÖÆÊÊ¶È·Å¿í£¬ÒªÇó×ÜÇ·Õ®²»µÃÁè¼Ý×Ü×ʲúµÄ28.57%£¬²¢ÔÊÐíÇ·Õ®×ʽðÓÃÓÚÐÂÔöÏîÄ¿ÊÕ¹º£¬Æð¾¢»ØÓ¦ÁË´ËÇ°Êг¡·´ÏìµÄÉùÒô¡£
»ùÓÚÉÏÊöÈ«ÇòÊг¡Êµ¼ùÓë×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÀíÂÛµÄÓ¦ÓÃÆÊÎö£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¹éÄɳö»ùÓÚREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÑ¡ÔñÓëREITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏÞÖÆÕþ²ß×îÏà¹ØµÄÈý¸öÎÊÌ⣺
µÚÒ»£¬ÓÉÓÚÇ¿ÖÆ·ÖÅÉÕþ²ß£¬REITsµÄÁô´æÊÕÒæ²¢²»¸»×㣬ÔÚÖÎÀíÈËÏ£ÍûREITs¾ÙÐв¢¹ºÓëÀ©ÕÅʱ¹ØÓÚÍⲿÈÚ×ʾßÓм«´óµÄÐèÇó¡£ÄÇô£¬Ó¦µ±ÔõÑù¹Ü¿Ø»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÔËÐÐÖУ¬ÌØÊâÊDz¢¹ºÀ©ÕÅÖеģ¬ÖÎÀíÈËÐÔµÂΣº¦£¿
µÚ¶þ£¬ÓÉÓÚREITs±¬·¢µÄÀûÈóÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÓëÕ®Îñ±¾½ðËÍ»¹Ö®¼ä±£´æ´íÅ䣬ÇÒREITsÏÞÓÚ×ʲú½á¹¹ÒªÇóÆäÖ÷Òª×ʲúΪÁ÷¶¯ÐԲ±äÂôÄÑÌâµÄ²»¶¯²ú£¬REITs¾ßÓиü¸ßµÄΥԼΣº¦ÇÒÒ»µ©·ºÆðÕ®ÎñΥԼͶ×ÊÕß½«ÃæÁÙÖØ´óµÄÎ¥Ô¼±¾Ç®¡£ÄÇô£¬ÊÇ·ñÐèҪͨ¹ýÉèÖøܸËÂÊÏ޶ȣ¬À´ÖÎÀíREITsÔË×÷ÖÐÃæÁÙµÄÉÌҵΣº¦£¿
µÚÈý£¬ÉèÖøܸËÂÊÏÞ¶È×÷Ϊ¶ÔREITsÖÎÀíÐÐΪµÄÒ»ÖÖÇ¿Ô¼Êø£¬Õâ¸öÔ¼Êø»á¶àºéÁ÷ƽӰÏìµ½REITsÊг¡µÄ¼ÛÖµ´´Á¢£¿
¹ØÓÚµÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦µ±Ê×ÏÈÊìϤµ½´Óºã¾ÃÊг¡½¨ÉèÀ´¿´Æ·µÂΣº¦µÄ·À¿ØÊÇREITsÊг¡î¿ÏµµÄÖ÷ÒªÔðÈΡ£Ò»·½Ã棬»ùÓÚͶ×ÊÈ˶ÔREITs²úÆ·ÅÉÏ¢ÂʵÄÒªÇó£¬ÖÎÀíÈ˱£´æÌ«¹ýʹÓøܸ˵ÄÄîÍ·ºÍÇãÏò£¬ÓÃÒÔ¶ÌÆÚÌá¸ß²úÆ·µÄÅÉÏ¢ÊÕÒæÂÊ£¬µ«ÕâÑùµÄÐÐΪ¿ÉÄÜÌáÉýREITsµÄ²ÆÎñΣº¦£»ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÈôÊÇÖÎÀí¼¤ÀøºÍ¹æÄ£¹Ò¹³£¬ÖÎÀíÈËÒ²ÓÐͨ¹ýǷծ̫¹ýÀ©Õŵļ¤¶¯¡£Í¬Ê±ÎÒÃDZØÐèÒªÊìϤµ½£¬REITsÖƶÈ×Ô¼º¾ÍÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÖÎÀí»úÖÆ£¬REITs½ÓÄÉÇ¿ÖÆ·ÖºìÖƶȣ¬ÕâÒ»Ô¼ÊøÌõ¼þ´ó´ó½µµÍÁËREITs¿ÉÖ§ÅäµÄ×ÔÓÉÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬Ê¹µÃREITsµÄÀ©ÕÅÒÀÀµÓÚÍâÔ´ÈÚ×Ê»ò×ʲúÑ»·£¬ÒÖÖÆÁËÖÎÀíÈË»ùÓÚ×ÔÉíÀûÒæµÄÀ©Õż¤¶¯¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÒÔΪ£¬ÔÚÊðÀíÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܽÏÁ¿ÑÏÖصÄÊг¡£¬ÇãÏòÓÚÖƶ©¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȣ¬²¢ÇÒÏÞÖÆ·ù¶ÈÌõ¼þ½ÏÑÏ£»¹ØÓÚÊðÀíÎÊÌâ²»ÑÏÖØ£¬Í¬Ê±Í¶×ÊÕßÏà¶Ô³ÉÊìµÄÊг¡£¬Ö÷Ҫͨ¹ýREITs·ÖºìÒªÇóºÍÊг¡µÄÍⲿÖÎÀíÀ´¶ÔÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¾ÙÐлØÓ¦¡£
¹ØÓÚµÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌ⣬´Óºã¾ÃÊг¡½¨ÉèÀ´¿´£¬ÔÚ³ÉÊìµÄREITsÊг¡ÖÐREITsËù±£´æµÄÉÌҵΣº¦ËäȻӦµ±ÓÉͶ×ÊÕß×Ô¼ºÆÊÎö¡¢×Ô¼ºÖÎÀí¡¢×Ô¼º¼ç¸º¡£ºÃ±ÈREITsµÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÓëÕ®Îñ±¾½ðËÍ»¹Ö®¼äµÄ´íÅäÎÊÌâÔÚ²»¶¯²úÊг¡²»¾°Æø¡¢ÐÅ´ûËõ¶ÌʱÆÚÔö´ó²úÆ·ÐÝҵΣº¦£¬Ï÷ÈõREITs²úÆ·¶Ô¿¹¾¼ÃÖÜÆÚ²¨¶¯µÄÄÜÁ¦£¬ÈôÊÇÊǽÏÁ¿³ÉÊìµÄÊг¡£¬Í¶×ÊÕß½«Äܹ»ÕÆÎÕÕâÒ»ÎÊÌ⣬×ö³öºÏÀíµÄͶ×ʾöÒ顣Ȼ¶ø£¬ÓëÍâÑó³ÉÊìREITsÊг¡Ïà±È£¬ÏÖÔÚÎÒ¹úÊÔµã½×¶ÎµÄ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÊг¡±£´æÁ½¸öÖ÷ÒªÇø±ð¡£Ò»ÊÇͶ×ÊÕ߶Իù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsµÄÊìϤ»¹²»³ä·Ö£¬Îª°ü¹ÜÊÔµãµÄ˳Ëì¾ÙÐУ¬ÐèҪעÖØͶ×ÊÕßµÄΣº¦¼ç¸ºÎÊÌ⣬ĿµÄÊÇÔÚºã¾Ã´´Á¢Ò»¸öÓÅÒìµÄÊг¡Éú³¤ÇéÐΡ£¶þÊÇÏÖÔÚÎÒ¹ú½ðÈÚϵͳÈÔ±£´æÒ»¶¨µÄ²»ÅäÌ×ÎÊÌ⣬ÍâÑóREITs×î³£ÓõÄÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ʹ¤¾ß°üÀ¨Ñ»·´û¿î¹¤¾ß(Revolving Loan Facility)¡¢ÖÐÆÚƱ¾Ý(MTN)µÈ£¬ÕâЩ¹¤¾ß¶¼¾ßÓÐʹÓÃÎÞа¡¢Ò×ÓÚÐø´ûµÄÌص㣬Äܹ»ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½ÉÏ×èÖ¹REITsı»®ÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÓëÈÚ×ÊËÍ»¹ÏÖ½ðÁ÷²»Æ¥ÅäµÄÎÊÌ⣬¶øÏÖÔÚÎÒ¹ú»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÏîÄ¿µÄÒøÐдû¿î¶àÒÔÀο¿ÏÞÆÚΪÖ÷£¬Ïà¶ÔÏÞÆÚ½ÏÁ¿¶Ì£¬ÊÖÒÕÉÏÒªÇóµ½ÆÚÏÈ»¹±¾×÷ΪÐø´ûµÄÏȾöÌõ¼þ£¬Õâ»áʹµÃREITsÏÖ½ðÁ÷Ö§³ö±£´æ¹¥»÷£¬¼Ó´óÁËREITsÔËÓªµÄΣº¦¡£
×îºó£¬¹ØÓÚµÚÈý¸öÎÊÌ⣬REITsµÄ¼ÛÖµ´´Á¢Êǽ¨ÉèÔÚ²»¶¯²ú×ʲúµÄı»®Ö®ÉÏ£¬REITsµÄ¼ÛÖµÌåÏÖÔÚ×ʲúµÄºã¾ÃÎȹ̷ֺ죬ÒÔ¼°ÓÉÌáÉýÔËӪˮƽ¶øʹµÃ×ʲúÔöÖµµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£´Ó×ʲúÖÎÀí½Ç¶È£¬REITsµÄÉú³¤ÓÐÈý´ó;¾¶£ºÄÚÉúÔöÌí¡¢×ʲúÌáÉý£¨Ë¢Ð£©ºÍ×ʲúÑ»·£¨Í¨¹ý×ʲúÉúÒâʵÏÖ×éºÏÓÅ»¯£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬´Ó½ðÈڵĽǶȣ¬ºÏÀíʹÓÃÇ·Õ®£¬½µµÍREITsµÄ×ÊÔ´±¾Ç®£¬ÊǼÛÖµ´´Á¢µÄÊÖ¶ÎÖ®Ò»¡£Ïà±ÈÆäËûÆóÒµ£¬REITs×ʲú¶Ë¾ßÓи»ºñµÄ¿ÉµäÖÊ×ʲú£¬ÇÒÕâЩ×ʲúÄܹ»²ú³öÒ»Á¬¡¢Îȹ̵ÄÏÖ½ðÁ÷£¬ÔÚ¡°×ʲúͬÖÊ»¯¡±Óë¡°ÓÅÖÊ×ʲú»Ä¡±È·µ±ÆÚÅä¾°Ï£¬ÕâЩ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©±¸ÊÜÒøÐеȽðÈÚ»ú¹¹Çàíù£¬Òò¶øÕ®ÎñÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®Í¨³£Ô¶µÍÓÚȨÒæÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®¡£Ë¼Á¿µ½ÎÒ¹ú»ù´¡Êг¡Í¶ÈÚ×ÊÌåÖƵÄÏÖ×´£¬»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÏîÄ¿ÔÚÐγÉÖжౣ´æÕ®ÎñÈÚ×Ê£¬Ðí¶àÏîÄ¿µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂʾùÔÚ70%ÒÔÉÏ¡£ÈôÊǸܸËÂÊÉÏÏ޽ϵͣ¬ÔʼȨÒæÈ˾ͿÉÄÜÃæÁÙÓøßÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®×ʽðËÍ»¹µØÈÚ×ʱ¾Ç®×ʽðµÄÎÊÌ⣬¿Í¹ÛÉÏÏÞÖÆÁË¿¯ÐÐÄîÍ·£¬Ò²»áÔÚÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½ÉÏÒÖÖÆREITsÊг¡µÄ׳´ó¡£
REITs¼ÓÈëÀ©ÕŲ¢¹ºÊÇÍâÑóREITsÊг¡Ê®·ÖÆÕ±éµÄʵ¼ù·½·¨£¬Ä³ÖÖˮƽÉϽ²£¬¾ßÓÐרҵÄÜÁ¦ºÍʵ¼ùÂÄÀúµÄÖÎÀíÈËÖÎÀí¸ü¶àµÄ×ʲú£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚÌáÉý»ù´¡ÉèÊ©ÔËÐÐЧÂÊ£¬Ò²ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ë®Æ½ÉÏÓÐÖúÓÚʵÏֵزú×ʲúµÄÊèÉ¢»¯¡£ÔÚ8ÔÂ7ÈÕÐû²¼µÄ¡¶Ö¸Òý£¨ÊÔÐУ©¡·ÖУ¬½«Õ÷ÇóÒâ¼û¸åÖС°80%ÒÔÉÏ»ù½ð×ʲú³ÖÓмòµ¥»ù´¡ÉèÊ©×ʲúÖ§³Ö֤ȯËùÓзݶ¡±¸ü¸ÄΪ¡°80%ÒÔÉÏ»ù½ð×ʲúͶ×ÊÓÚ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©×ʲúÖ§³Ö֤ȯ£¬²¢³ÖÓÐÆäËùÓзݶ¡±£¬ÎªÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITs¼ÓÈëºóÐøÏîÄ¿ÊÕ¹ºÌṩ¿ÉÄÜ£¬¶ÔӦǷծ×ʽðҲͬÑùÔÊÐíÓÃÓÚÐÂÔöÏîÄ¿ÊÕ¹º¡£
Òò´Ë£¬×ÛºÏÀ´¿´£¬ÎÒÃÇÒÔΪӦµ±¶ÌÆںͺã¾ÃÊӽǼæ¶øÓÐÖ®µØ¿´´ýÎÒ¹ú»ù´¡ÉèÊ©¹«Ä¼REITsµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÏÞÖÆÎÊÌâ¡£
¶ÌÆÚÀ´¿´£¬ÔÚÊÔµãÀú³ÌÖУ¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȵÄÉ趨³ä·Ö˼Á¿µ½ÁËÊг¡½¨Éè³õÆÚͶ×ÊÕß²»¿ÉÊì¡¢ÖÎÀíÈËÔÚÔËÓªºÍÀ©ÕÅÖб£´æÆ·µÂΣº¦ÒÔ¼°½ðÈÚϵͳµÄ²»Ðµ÷ÐÔËù¿ÉÄÜÒý·¢µÄÖÖÖÖÎÊÌ⣬Ïà¶ÔÉóÉ÷µÄ¸Ü¸ËÂÊÔ¼Êø¾ßÓкÏÀíÐÔ£»
¶ø´Óºã¾ÃÀ´¿´£¬ÈôÒªÕæÕý½«ÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼REITsÊг¡ÅàÓý³ÉΪÓÅÖʵÄÍòÒÚ¼¶Êг¡£¬¸Ü¸ËÂÊÏ޶ȵÄÉ趨²»µ«ÐèҪ˼Á¿Æ·µÂΣº¦µÄ·À¿Ø£¬»¹ÒªË¼Á¿ÇкÏREITs¼ÛÖµ´´Á¢µÄÊг¡Âß¼¡£Ó¦µ±ÃãÀøREITsͨ¹ý¶àÔª»¯Õ®Îñ¹¤¾ßºÍÇ·Õ®·½·¨¸ÄÉÆ×ÔÉíµÄÕ®Îñ½á¹¹£¬²¢½¨ÉèºÍÍêÉÆREITsÏà¹ØµÄÅäÌ×Ç·Õ®½ðÈÚ¹¤¾ß£¬´Ó¶øʹµÃREITsÄܹ»¸üÎÞаµÄ¾ÙÐÐÏÖ½ðÁ÷ÖÎÀí£¬½µµÍÓÉÓÚÏÖ½ðÁ÷´íÅä¶ø±¬·¢µÄ²ÆÎñΣº¦¡£ÕýÈçмÓÆ¡¢ÖйúÏã¸ÛµÈ¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøÒÀ¾ÝÊг¡µÄÉú³¤×ª±ä¶ÔREITsµÄ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹ÒªÇóÒ»Ö±µ÷½â£¬Ëæ×ÅδÀ´ÎÒ¹úREITsÖÎÀíÈ˵ÄרҵÄÜÁ¦ÓëÖ°ÒµËØÑøÒ»Ö±ÌáÉý¡¢REITsͶ×ÊÕß¾ÓÉÅàÓýÔ½·¢³ÉÊì¡¢ÓëREITsÓйصÄÅäÌ×½ðÈÚ¹¤¾ßÒ»Ö±Éú³¤£¬ÍŽᵱ½ñÍâÑóREITsî¿ÏµÓëREITsÔËÐеĸܸËÂÊʵ¼ù£¬ÎÒ¹ú¹«Ä¼REITs¸Ü¸ËÂÊÔ¼Êø¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨ÏòÉϵ÷½âµÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£
ΰÒײ©¡°Î°Òײ©Í·ÄÔÁ¦¡±REITs¿ÎÌâ×飬¿ÎÌâ×é³ÉÔ±°üÀ¨£ºÁõÇΡ¢ÕÅá¿¡¢ÁõÏþÀÙ¡¢ÑîÔƺ졢ÖÜÜ·¡¢ÀîÎÄá¿¡¢Ðìˬ¡¢ºÎÁÁÓî¡¢·¶ÎõÎä¡¢ÖìÔªµÂ¡¢ÓÚ¼ÎÎÄ¡¢ÀîÉÐå·¡¢ÕÅ幵ȡ£±¾±¨¸æÖ´±ÊÈË£ºÕÅá¿¡¢ÁõÇΡ¢ÀîÉÐå·¡¢ºÎÁÁÓî¡£
¡ö ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
Baxter, N.D., 1967. Leverage, risk of ruin and the cost of capital. The Journal of Finance, 22(3), pp.395-403.
Bradley, M., Jarrell, G.A. and Kim, E.H., 1984. On the existence of an optimal capital structure: Theory and evidence. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), pp.857-878.
Boudry, W.I., Kallberg, J.G. and Liu, C.H., 2010. An analysis of REIT security issuance decisions. Real Estate Economics, 38(1), pp.91-120.
Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2002. Testing trade-off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. The Review of Financial Studies, 15(1), pp.1-33.
Myers, S.C., 1977. Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), pp.147-175.
Myers, S.C., 1984. The Capital Structure Puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), pp.574-592.
Modigliani, F. and Miller, M.H., 1958. The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), pp.261-297.
Modigliani, F. and Miller, M.H., 1963. Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction. The American Economic Review, 53(3), pp.433-443.
Giacomini, E., Ling, D.C. and Naranjo, A., 2017. REIT leverage and return performance: Keep your eye on the target. Real Estate Economics, 45(4), pp.930-978.
Jensen, M.C., 1986. Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76(2), pp.323-329.
Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H., 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp.305-360.
Shyam-Sunder, L. and Myers, S.C., 1999. Testing static tradeoff against pecking order models of capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 51(2), pp.219-244.
¸½±í1 ¸÷¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇøREITsÖƶȶÔ×ÊÔ´½á¹¹µÄÒªÇó
[1] ¡¶EPRA Global REIT Survey 2020£ºA comparison of the major REIT regimes around the world¡·
[2] De La Cruz, A., A. Medina and Y. Tang (2019), ¡°Owners of the World¡¯s Listed Companies¡±, OECD Capital Market Series
[3] ¸ÃЧ¹ûÓë¸ÐµÂÁºÐÐ2019¡¶ÑÇÖÞ·¿µØ²úͶ×ÊÐÅÍлù½ð£¨REITs£©Ñо¿±¨¸æ¡·±¨¸æµÄЧ¹û44%¡¢35%¡¢26%Ê®·Ö¿¿½ü£¬Åú×¢Êý¾ÝȪԴÓë´¦Öóͷ£¾ßÓпɿ¿ÐÔ¡£
[4] 2019Äêβ£¬Ð¼ÓƸܸËÂÊÏÞÖÆÉÐδ´Ó45%·Å¿íÖÁ50%¡£
ÃâÔðÉùÃ÷
±¾±¨¸æ¿¯ÔصÄ×ÊÁϼ°Êý¾Ý£¬½ö×÷²Î¿¼Ö®Ó㬲î³ØÒÀÀµ¸Ã±¨¸æ£¬½ÓÄɵÄÈκÎͶ×ÊÐÐΪ±¬·¢µÄΣº¦¼ç¸ºÔðÈΡ£
Ïà¹ØÁ´½Ó£º
¹«Ä¼»ù´¡ÉèÊ©REITsÕþ²ßÊÔµãÖصãÎÊÌâ×êÑÐ×ù̸»áÀֳɾÙÐÐ
±±´óΰÒײ©REITs±¨¸æÊ®£ºÖйúREITsÊг¡½¨ÉèÓëÉú³¤½¨ÑÔ
±±´óΰÒײ©£ºREITsÊÇÍƶ¯½¨É蹺×â²¢¾Ùס·¿ÖƶȵÄÖ÷Òª¹¤¾ß
±±´óΰÒײ©REITs±¨¸æ°Ë£ºÖйúÓ¦ÒÔ¹«Ä¼È¨ÒæÐÍREITsΪÉú³¤Öصã¼ÓËÙÍƳöÊÔµã
±±´óΰÒײ©REITs±¨¸æÆߣº´ó¶¼¹ú¼Ò¾¼ÃÃæÁÙÏÂÐÐѹÁ¦Ê±ÍƳöREITs£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚ¾¼ÃÎȹÌÓëתÐÍÉý¼¶
±±´óΰÒײ©REITs±¨¸æÁù£ºÈ«Çò´ó²¿·ÖREITsÌåÏÖÓÅÒì ¿É³ÉΪ²»¶¯²úÊг¡¼ÛǮ֮¡°Ãª¡±
±±´óΰÒײ©REITs±¨¸æÎ壺¡°¹«Ä¼»ù½ð+ABS¡±¼Ü¹¹Ï£¬ÔõÑù½¨ÉèÍêÉÆÓÐÓõÄÖÎÀíģʽ£¿
¡¶Öйú¹«Ä¼REITsÉú³¤°×ƤÊé¡·È«ÎÄÐû²¼
±±´óΰÒײ©¿ÎÌâ×飺ÔõÑùÇý¶¯4ÍòÒÚÖйúREITsÊг¡£¿
±±´óΰÒײ©£ºÖйú×âÁÞס·¿REITsÊг¡¹æÄ£»ò³¬ÍòÒÚ
Ñ°ÕÒÖйú°æ¹«Ä¼REITsµÄ¡°¼ÛǮꡱ£ºÉÌÒµ²»¶¯²ú×ÊÔ´»¯ÂÊÊÓ²ìÑо¿